Cambodia Army will be test a true B-M21

Phnom Penh: Mr. Tea Bahh the mister of the Ministry of the Interior said that: On 28 Mar, 2013 the Cambodia Army will me test the true of the B-M21 weapon and other to improved to the Cambodia Amy ability to protect their land.

He said that, to the reporter after join closs of the Operation and Educational on Security of UN on 20 Mar, 2013 at Oudong Institute, Kompong Spue Provice, sponsor by Japan Amy force.

The test of the B-M21 will be hell on Kompong Spue Provice at the field of the Operational that Cambodia Army always done, he said.

He suppose it is not extactly and a big one when we do a pratice a new techniuq at the point of that and it is a truely of the practice. We believe that the test of or practice with the true weapon can make us strong believe about the true power of the weapons is, He said.

He did not force to say how many weapons will be test just said the a lots of model of the weapons will be test. And the practice will show about the ture sence both equipment and Our power Amy. But  at the mid-of Feb, 2013 Capitan Eth Sarat the leader Commander of the Cambodia Army Forec ,said that, the conference at Commander bass the test will be make up at areas of Bang Mountain, Neang Blak Mountain, Chrok Krahn Mountain, MorMal Mountain, Sam Raeng Mountain, Dom Bong Mountain, Thmor Pouk Mountain, Pneay Rong Mountain, Orn Doung Mountain, Chong Ar Mountain, Chrous Phnum Mountain, and Gi Sou Mountain, near the border of the four District as Sam Roung Teng District, Phnum Sruch District, Bor Se Thei District, and Kong Pisey, Kompong Spue provice.

Fellow the project to build the base for testing the weapons is give seven point is:
1. Base for test  walking fire
2. Base for supporter fire and auto fire
3. Base for test all kinds of Big fire
4. Base for test air protector fire
5. Base for test on Tank fire
6. Base for test alicoper and air force fire
7. Base for test the true fire. Will be start from the low groups to a big groups.

Sam Dach Hun Sen the priminister of Cambodia said that when he come to join in the event the closs of the first academic  at Institute Army on 24 Jan, 2013 : The practice to their groups at their base must do everyday for review and test before go to the the mission or the war and the true sence of practicum on the  geography tha their base will be resposible, meaning of, the Cambodia Army has been test a fire and be victories a lot of th weapons as: tank on the fire model 130mm and Fire operational BM21 too.

The test of fire at the end of this month has knew that most of the weapons is kinds of the fire that can fire for along awasy and have a best full of quality.

Translated by: LK

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Samsung Galaxy S4 come with white and Black

Samsung Galaxy S4 to land in black and white colour

More evidence has emerged that the Samsung Galaxy S4 could launch in black and white colour ways, as the eyes of the tech world turn New York-wards ahead of the handset’s launch next week.
Posters advertising the imminent arrival of the Galaxy S4 in Times Square, where a live stream of the launch event is to be broadcast on the intersection's famous big screens on March 14th, feature a black background with white text and a white background with black respectively.
Given phone-makers’ propensity to drop hints about their products in pre-release promo material, that’s enough to set tech-tongues wagging that the Galaxy S4 will come in black and white colour options. From launch, anyway. We suspect that jazzier colours will arrive later this year.
The latest outbreak of speculation follows testimonies from an anonymous insider back in January, who claimed that the S4 would see Samsung ditch the Pebble Blue hue of the Galaxy S3 in favour of something a bit more traditional. And dare we say it, more macho and likely to appeal to the core market of Android smartphone fanciers.
Samsung’s marketing campaign for the handset is also expected to focus on fresh tweaks to its Nature UX custom skin. These are thought to include advanced eye motion-sensitive controls to enable users to scroll through pages and pause videos using eye movements alone.
The phone’s spec sheet, meanwhile, is thought to take in a larger 4.99-inch Super AMOLED screen with a full HD resolution, a 13-megapixel camera and, in select territories at least, an octa-core processor.

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Samsung Show the release date of Galaxy S4

The Next Galaxy from Samsung is almost here and it’s already shaping up to be the year’s most highly anticipated smartphone launch. In this comprehensive run down we’ll be detailing all the nitty-gritty to prepare you for the fourth flagship kit’s imminent debut. So grab some popcorn, sit back and read on…

Samsung Galaxy S4 release date UK

Samsung has sent out press invites to one of its Unpacked events in New York on March 14th where it’s certain to officially raise the curtain on the Galaxy S4.
The actual release date is still a tightly guarded secret. However, a reliable source close to a major UK retailer has revealed that it should go on sale sometime between April 15th and April 22nd.
Pre-orders for the handset should begin at least two weeks before it hits shop shelves. So you should be able to reserve your unit as early as late March or early April.

Samsung Galaxy S4 specs and features

If months and months of insider leaks and industry forecasts are to be trusted, the Samsung Galaxy S4 will be crammed with some of the most cutting-edge technology ever to grace a smartphone.
Here, we’ll discuss some of the best features and specs expected to be on board.

Samsung Galaxy S4 camera

The Samsung Galaxy S4 is tipped to feature a 13-megapixel camera that you can expect to take stunning photos and record videos in full high-definition at a silky smooth framerate that would give even digital SLRs a run for their money.
Also expected on board is a two-megapixel front-facing camera for video calls and self-portraits in HD, and numerous features on the camera application itself, including the ability to take 360-degree panoramic shots of your surroundings and share them instantly on Facebook.

Samsung Galaxy S4 processor

The Samsung Galaxy S4 is mooted to debut the tech giant’s latest, most powerful system-on-chip yet, the Exynos 5 Octa.
This is a state-of-the-art eight-core processor that comprises four high performance cores and four power-saving cores to handle multitasking with real sense of snap, while conserving battery life when carrying out everyday tasks.
Based on ARM’s ‘big.LITTLE’ architecture, the Exynos 5 Octa ensures a perfect balance of power versus power efficiency and consumes up to 70 per cent less energy compared to the current chip designs.

Samsung Galaxy S4 screen

The Samsung Galaxy S4 is rumoured to feature a 4.99-inch Super AMOLED display with an eye-popping full HD (1080p) resolution and 441 pixels per inch density that’s over a 100 pixels higher than even the iPhone’s Retina display.
Naturally, as the world’s leading panel-maker, Samsung is sure to squeeze all its expertise and high-tech display technology into making this truly stand out from rivals.

Samsung Galaxy S4 design

Although details remain thin on the ground, supply-chain chatter suggests the Samsung Galaxy S4 could debut an aluminium unibody design to make it sturdier than its predecessors, while building on the much-loved ‘nature-inspired’ form factor of the Galaxy S3.

Samsung Galaxy S4 connectivity

As with most high-end smartphones, the Samsung Galaxy S4 will be loaded with a host of connectivity options. At the very least it’s expected to offer 4G LTE support, Wi-Fi a/b/g/n, Bluetooth 4.0, Near Field Communication (NFC), Assisted GPS and a microUSB port.
Reports also suggest the Galaxy S4 could boast the latest, fifth-generation (5G) chips for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, offering even faster and more reliable data transfers than before.

Samsung Galaxy S4 wireless charging

Based on patent filings and an FCC certification, it’s believed that the Samsung Galaxy S4 will be capable of wireless charging, making fiddly charger cables truly a thing of the past.

While wireless charging is not new to smartphones, Samsung’s take reportedly uses a more advanced method enabled by resonant magnetic coupling technology that would allow the Galaxy S4 to be charged from up to two metres away.

Android Jelly Bean and Nature UX user interface

Samsung Galaxy S4 will run on Google’s superb Android operating system – most likely the latest Jelly Bean edition.
Along with features such as Google Now, a personal voice-guided assistant that sorts and displays all kinds of information in a nifty card-based interface, Android Jelly Bean is also home to all of Google’s best apps and services installed out of the box, plus offers hundreds of thousands more to download from Google Play.

Of course, because this is a Samsung smartphone, the Galaxy S4 will feature the latest iteration of the Nature UX user interface, as well as upgraded versions of all the ‘smart’ features that are exclusive to Samsung devices.
Better still, if Samsung’s recent patent filings are anything to go by, this will bring intuitive touch-free gestures and eye-tracking technology to enable you to control the handset with minimum physical contact and possibly even pause videos and scroll pages using your eye movements alone.

Memory and Colours

Based on reliable intel, the Galaxy S4 will be available in three storage variants of 16, 32 and 64GB.
A microSD slot should be included to expand that by a further 32GB, plus free cloud storage from Dropbox to easily access your files on a host of other devices.
Initilally, the Galaxy S4 is likely to land in two colour options: black and white. However, down the line we expect Samsung to release more colourways, along the lines of the nature-inspired pebble blue and marble white hues of the Galaxy S3.

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Xperia Z vs Nexus 4

Sony Xperia Z vs Google Nexus 4

Sony's Xperia Z is its flagship smartphone for 2013, but how does it stack up against Google's own Nexus 4? We take an in-depth look at these two Android smartphones in our Sony Xperia Z vs Google Nexus 4 comparison review.
Although these smartphones are pretty similar, there are areas which they are quite different and might cause you to sway to one particular handset.
After using both the Xperia Z and Nexus 4 for a while we've broken this down into different sections to you can home in on what's important to you.

Sony Xperia Z vs Google Nexus 4: Price

Choosing between the Nexus 4 and Xperia is difficult for a number of reasons. However, the price could be the best way of deciding. We're talking SIM-free prices since there are many, ever changing, contracts on offer. See also: Group test: What's the best Android smartphone?

The Sony Xperia Z will set you back the same amount as an iPhone 5, £529 putting it at the top end of the smartphone market. Google's Nexus 4 in stark contrast costs just £239 for the cheapest model meaning you could escape the shackles of a contract for a more flexible SIM-only deal.
It's less than half the price but you certainly don’t get half the specifications. If you're on a budget then the Nexus 4 is clearly the best option for you, but if you have a bit more cash to flash then the Xperia Z might have a few features you think are worth paying for.
Read on as we look into the specifications and features on offer from each smartphone.

Sony Xperia Z vs Google Nexus 4: Design and build

From our point of view, the Xperia Z and Nexus 4 both offer premium design and build. They are quite similar devices in a number of ways. See also: Google LG Nexus 4 vs Apple iPhone 5 comparison review.
Both of these phones look the part with glass used on the front and back, each has a rubbery plastic frame but we found the Nexus 4 the more slippery customer. You can choose which you like the look of more with the distinct square shape of the Xperia Z or more rounded contours of the Nexus 4.
While the Xperia Z is plain glass the Nexus 4 has a rear cover which is covered in tiny silver squares. The somewhat glittery finish might not be to everyone's taste.

Both of these phones are thin and light devices – the Xperia Z at 7.9mm and 145g and the Nexus 4 at 9.1mm and 139g.
With a bigger screen the Xperia Z is slightly bigger than the Nexus 4 at 71 x 139mm compared to 69 x 134mm. Both are large handsets and our advice is to try and get your hands on them before parting with your hard earned cash.
Build quality of each of these smartphones is exceptional; we scored them both nine out of 10 in our individual reviews. Neither has a removable rear cover and as we've mentioned both use mainly glass.
The biggest difference to point out is that the Xperia Z is dust and water proof (to an IP57 certification) whereas the Nexus 4 is not. The flaps covering the Xperia Z's ports might get annoying sometimes but if you want a more durable and rugged phone, the Sony has one up on the Nexus 4.

Sony Xperia Z vs Google Nexus 4: Screen

As we've already mentioned, the Xperia Z has a larger screen than the Nexus 4. But at 5in and 4.7in respectively they aren't too different; both are big screens and good for web browsing, games and media consumption.
While both screens are decent quality, the Xperia Z does outperform the Nexus 4 thanks to its Full HD resolution of 1080 x 1920. This means it has a whopping pixel density of 441ppi compared to the Nexus 4's 320ppi with its still respectable resolution of 768 x 1280.

Sony Xperia Z vs Google Nexus 4: Processor and memory

Google's Nexus 4 shares the same internal core specifications as the Sony Xperia Z. Each has a 1.5GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 Pro coupled with 2GB of RAM.
The Nexus 4 scored marginally better in the GeekBench 2 test with a score of 2009 compared to the Xperia Z's 1986. Neither did especially well in the SunSpider JavaScript test with scores of 1906ms and 1791ms. And in the GLBenchmark graphics tests both managed impressive results of 30fps and 39fps.
There's barely any difference in performance between the two phones so we can call it a draw on this front. Either device will deliver solidly good performance for a smartphone. They are two of the best we've seen to date.

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4tips for Windows 8

1. Taking advantage of search

The Search in Windows 8 has been significantly improved when compared to all previous versions of Windows. To search for a file or run a program in Windows 8 from the Start screen just start typing what you're trying to find or want to run.

As you begin typing, the results will start appearing on the left-hand side. In addition to being able to search for files and run programs, the Search also supports limiting the search to apps such as Finance, People, Maps, Photos, Mail, Music, Videos, Weather, and much more. If what you are searching for is not a file or program, click on the app you wish to use as the search. For example, if you were searching for "New York" and selected the Weather App you would be shown the weather in New York, NY.

By default, Search organizes the available Apps by how frequently they are used and then in alphabetical order. If you want to keep your favorite app at the top of the Search list, right-click the app and choose Pin. Pinning the app will lock it in place regardless of how often it is used. If there is an app you don't want (e.g. Finance) you can turn on and off any of the search apps through the PC settings, which is found under the Settings in the Charms.

Bonus tip: The Search is also found through Charms and can also be opened by pressing Windows key + F.

2. Running two apps side by side

Any app can be pinned to the left or right-hand side of the screen. For example, open the People app and then press the Windows Key + . (period) to move that app to the right-hand side of the screen, pressing the same keys again will move it to the left-hand side, and pressing the same keys again will make it full screen. While an app is pinned, any other app or program can be opened and loaded into the available space on the screen. For example, in the below picture, we've opened a browser window and have the People app running to monitor our social networks.

Any open app can also be pinned using your mouse by clicking at the top of the tile and dragging it to the left or right-hand side of the screen.

Bonus tip: The Desktop can also be pinned to the left or right-hand side of the screen.

Note: In order for snap to work properly your resolution must be at least 1,366 x 768.

3. Windows 8 Task Manager

The Windows 8 Task Manager has been significantly improved over previous versions of Windows. Some of the new changes include showing a total percent usage at the top of your Processes, which makes it easier to determine total memory and CPU usage, improved Performance graphs, a Startup tab to see startup processes and their impact to system performance, and the App history tab (as shown below) that gives you the total resources an app has used over a period of time. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to start exploring the new Task Manager.

4. Use a picture password to log into your computer

Windows 8 includes a new feature called Picture password, which allows you to authenticate with the computer using a series of gestures that include circles, straight lines, and taps. Enable this feature if you want a new way to access your computer or have a hard time with passwords.

1. Open the Windows Charms.
2. Click Settings and then More PC settings
3. In the PC settings window click Users and then select Create a picture password

Bonus tip: A four digit pin password can also be created and used to access your computer.

Take advantage of Windows 8 apps

Windows 8 comes included with several apps to help you get the most from your computer. Below are just a few of the included apps.

People

Microsoft touts the People feature in Windows 8 because they understand how many people are using social networks today. In the People feature you'll be able to connect your Windows computer to all the major social networks including Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Once connected, you can pin the people app and monitor your social network (as shown below), use People in Search to find people, and get an overview of what is happening in all your social networks.

Reader

The Reader app will give you PDF support right out of the box.

SkyDrive

The SkyDrive app will give you access to the Microsoft cloud service SkyDrive, which allows you to store your photos, documents, and other files in the cloud and access or share those files with any computer with Internet access.

Store

Take advantage of the Windows Store and install one or more of the thousands of available apps designed for Windows 8. The Store is found in the Start screen, or use Search to search the Store app for any apps that you are trying to find.

Know the answers to common questions

Windows 8 is the biggest change to Microsoft Windows since the introduction of Windows 95, which was released all the way back in 1995. Since so many people have grown up with Windows, it can be difficult to transition to a new way of doing things. Below, is a short list of the most common questions previous Windows users will have.

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Six secrets utinities in windows 8 you never know

Windows 8 may not be the easiest operating system to use, but no one can accuse it of being stingy. If you poke deep inside the new OS, you'll find a generous assortment of software tools, many of which make third-party utilities redundant.
One built-in tool helps you calibrate your PC’s display. Another helps you investigate system-stability problems. And yet another lets you record on-screen actions to create tutorials for Windows applications. All of these utilities are free and come preloaded in Windows 8, with no hidden add-on costs. (You should be aware, though, that the Hyper-V virtual machine manager requires Windows 8 Pro or Enterprise, not the standard version of Windows 8.)
Have we left out any worthy built-in utilities? Read our list, and let us know in the comments section of this article.

Windows reliability history

In the Windows 8 Start screen, type reliability, click Settings, and then select View Reliability History. You’ll go to the Windows desktop, and a window with a timeline will appear. You can also access the Reliability Monitor from the Windows Control Panel, by going to System and Security > Action Center.

You can narrow down dates and specific apps for troubleshooting when you use the reliability history.

The chart is interactive. If you click a column, you’ll see detail text below. In my particular case, the reliability history let me know when my Asus AI Suite stopped working—and, in fact, that one program was the source of many of my Windows 8 app crashes. I have to note that I never once saw an error message when the apps crashed, and when I uninstalled AI Suite, I suffered far fewer stability issues.
Reliability Monitor doesn’t just report problems. It also keeps track of when you’ve installed or updated applications and drivers, so you can pinpoint exact dates and use that knowledge for troubleshooting and system repair. For example, once you know the precise date of a troublesome driver installation, you can roll back your machine via Windows System Restore to a date before that driver started wreaking havoc.

DirectX diagnostics

While I'm on the topic of troubleshooting, let’s take a look at the DirectX Diagnostic Tool, also known as DXDiag. In previous versions of Windows, DXDiag was installed whenever you installed DirectX, which usually occurred when you installed a game. But now that DirectX is part and parcel of the Windows 8 operating system, DXDiag is included from the get-go.

DXDiag gives you detailed information on the state of your DirectX-capable hardware and drivers.

DXDiag pops up a wealth of useful information for evaluating DirectX problems. Under the Display tab, you’ll see the installed GPU, the display interface (DVI, HDMI, or the like), your graphics memory allotment, and so on. The Sound tab gives you information related to the audio device and drivers. DXDiag offers a deeper level of detail than you might find in Device Manager, and it's all specific to DirectX-capable devices.
And, hey, if nothing else, it’s useful if you need to talk to tech support.

Display calibration

Out of the box, your PC monitor is usually too bright, and the colors are typically oversaturated. That may not be an issue if all you do is spreadsheet work, but if you’re editing photos or video, or even just watching movies, you'll want to fine-tune the colors for accuracy.
Sure, you could spend $60 or more for color-calibration software and hardware, and that might be money well spent if you’re a graphics professional or a movie buff who's finicky about faithful color reproduction. But the color-calibration tool built into Windows can give you most of what you need, and you don't have to shell out the cash for additional software.

Checking the color cast of the grayscale settings is just one of the steps in calibrating your display.

Type calibrate into the search box, and select Settings. You want to pick Calibrate Display Color, which is usually the top option. The color calibrator’s welcome screen includes a link to a help-center tutorial. All you really need to do, however, is walk through the steps and read the explanatory text. The first time you do this, don’t skip any of the steps. The steps are, in order: gamma settings, brightness adjustment, contrast adjustment, and color balance. (For more detail, check out “How to Calibrate Your Monitor.”)

Application steps capture

Steps Recorder lets you record each individual step of a particular Windows task. You can't record actions inside a game, but you can capture steps in standard Windows applications this way.
In earlier versions of Windows, this utility was called “Problem Steps Recorder.” Apparently, Microsoft viewed this program mostly as a tool for packaging up user inputs for troubleshooting. The Windows 8 version, however, lets users view the steps and keep a record. To run Steps Recorder, type Steps in the search box, and select Steps Recorder. You’ll get a very simple, small window.

The user interface for Steps Recorder is pretty sparse, and reflects the basic nature of the tool.

Through Steps Recorder you can capture screenshots with every action you perform: each mouse click, key press, and so on. If you’re typing in a text editor (such as Microsoft Word), only the complete text will be shown, not every keystroke. After you stop the recording, you can review what you’ve captured and do simple edits. The tool saves the whole affair in a .zip file, but saves the actual content as an MHTML (Mime HTML) file, which combines different types of content into a single HTML file.

Steps Recorder creates an MHTML file containing screenshots and descriptive text of the Windows user steps it records.

Steps Recorder is no replacement for a sophisticated screen-capture tool such as Camtasia, but it’s useful for quick-and-dirty tutorials when you need to communicate a small set of simple, discrete Windows actions.

Task scheduling

Task Scheduler is just what it sounds like: It helps you set schedules for running specific Windows applications. A typical example might be when you want to schedule a backup to run. However, Task Scheduler also lets you create complex scripts of tasks, which can run in order and at particular times.
For example, Microsoft uses Task Scheduler to set up the daily upload of information on how you use Windows to the Windows Experience team. You run Task Scheduler by typing Schedule, selecting Settings, and then clicking Schedule Tasks.

You can create scripts of tasks, and then run them at specific times, using Task Scheduler.

Some third parties misuse Task Scheduler to load and run apps on startup, when simply tapping into the Startup folder might be a better approach. So even if you don’t plan on ever creating a task script, it’s worthwhile to visit Task Scheduler on occasion to see what applications may have touched it.

Virtual machine creation and management

The Windows 8 Pro and Enterprise versions include the Hyper-V virtual machine manager that was originally built into Windows Server. However, it isn't installed by default. If you want to use Hyper-V, go to the Control Panel, click Programs, and select Turn Windows Features on or off. Choose Hyper-V and click the OK button. After Hyper-V is installed, you’ll need to reboot the PC.
You end up with two applications: Hyper-V (the virtual machine manager that runs the VM software) and the Hyper-V Manager, where you create or remove virtual machines and .VHD (virtual hard drive) files. Once you've created a VM, you can install any OS you want, including Windows 3.1 through Windows 8, Linux, BSD, and others.

Create virtual machines and virtual hard drives using Hyper-V Manager in Windows 8 Pro or Enterprise.

Note that the Windows 8 version leaves out a few features built into the server version, including GPU virtualization (no 3D acceleration in Windows 8 VMs) and some exotic networking features (such as fibre channel support). If you were a user of the Windows XP Mode feature in Windows 7, which used the older Windows Virtual PC, then Hyper-V can fill in the gap. However, unlike with XP Mode, you’ll need a valid Windows XP license key to install Windows XP into a virtual machine.

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Where can you find Driver for your windows 8 when you lost it?

Has your computer's hardware started freaking out, freezing up or behaving in weird ways since you've made the jump to Windows 8? Don't lay blame at the feet of a mischievous gremlin. Instead, it’s much more likely that your devices simply aren't rocking the most up-to-date Windows 8-compatible drivers.
Yes, a simple driver update might just fix your Windows 8 hardware woes.
The Windows 8 Upgrade Assistant does a decent job of identifying which parts and software in your rig need an update prior to installing Windows 8—and Microsoft's Windows Compatibility Center website offers the same feature for DIY types who prefer to search for specific programs and hardware—but many devices still fall through the cracks, and you'll need to manually update any drivers Microsoft can't snag itself. (Note that the process outlined below works for Windows 7, as well.)

How to update Windows 8 drivers

Before you get your hands dirty, however, you should see if Windows Update has automatically checked for driver updates. Not all drivers are available through Windows Update, but many are and it’s the easiest way to proceed.
To check, open the Charms bar and select Settings. Then, choose Change PC Settings and navigate to the Windows Update settings menu. The only thing you can do here is click the Check for Updates Now button and see if it finds any. By default, Windows will install updates during your next scheduled maintenance—usually in the middle of the night—but you can force the updates to install post-haste by clicking on the link that tells you how many updates are ready to install.

Windows Update can be found in your PC settings.

If that doesn’t work, you will need to manually update the driver for your finicky hardware. To do that, you’ll have to use the trusty Device Manager. You’d be excused for thinking that the Device Manager would be found in the Devices tab of the Windows 8 settings menu, but it’s not quite that simple. Instead, you’ll have to launch it manually by returning to the Home screen and typing “Device Manager” then clicking on the Settings tab in the search menu. There you’ll see the Device Manager, which will launch in desktop mode. You can also scrounge for the Device Manager in Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Device Manager.

Finding the device manager is as easy as searching for "Device Manager."

Actually updating a driver is simple. Just find the device you would like to update, right-click on it, and select Update Driver Software. You’ll have the option to have Windows search for drivers for you, but if you’ve come this far it’s likely that you’ll want to choose the second option, which allows you to manually select a location where you’ve downloaded drivers for your misbehaving device.

Pointing Windows 8 towards a specific driver.

What’s that? You want to know where to snag a specific driver? In general, you’ll find them at the manufacturer for your particular device. Here’s an index of download locations for common hardware, arranged by product type—laptops, motherboards, peripherals, et cetera—for your convenience. Not every manufacturer offers drivers that are specifically called out as being made for Windows 8, but if a given piece of hardware is giving your troubles after upgrading, it's a good idea to make sure you're running the most up-to-date drivers available.
Use some common sense when it comes to driver updates, though. If your keyboard is working just fine, for instance, there’s really no need to spend the time tracking down and updated your driver and exposing yourself to the (small) risk that updating the driver will actually cause a problem.

Laptops

If you’re using a laptop, and your problem isn’t with an external device such as a mouse or external hard disk, your first stop should be at the website of your laptop’s manufacturer. Laptop hardware is often specialized, and drivers for specific drill-down components (such as the hard drive) typically aren’t available on the component manufacturer’s site. If drivers aren’t available at the laptop manufacturer’s page, they should at least have the exact model number for each component in the system, which will make your search go faster.

• Acer: http://support.acer.com/product/default.aspx
• Asus: http://support.asus.com/download/options.aspx?SLanguage=en&type=1
• Dell: http://www.dell.com/support/drivers/us/en/04/ProductSelector/Select/FamilySelection?CategoryPath=all-products%2Fesuprt_laptop&DisplayCrumbs=Product%2BType%40%2CNotebooks&rquery=na
• Gateway: http://support.gateway.com/product/default.aspx
• HP: http://www8.hp.com/us/en/support-drivers.html
• Lenovo: http://support.lenovo.com/en_US/downloads/default.page?selector=expand
• MSi: http://www.msi.com/service/download/
• Samsung: http://www.samsung.com/us/support/downloads/SGH-i907
• Sony: http://esupport.sony.com/US/p/select-system.pl?model_type_group_id=10
• Toshiba: http://www.csd.toshiba.com/cgi-bin/tais/support/jsp/home.jsp

Motherboards

If you have a desktop PC, your motherboard manufacturer’s site is an important stop. The motherboard’s chipset drivers may need to be updated, as might the drivers for integrated components such as the network interface, integrated sound or graphics, Bluetooth, or any pretty much anything else that’s listed as a “feature” of your motherboard. You can see the motherboard’s make and model number by physically opening up your computer and looking at it with your own two eyes, or by using a free software utility like CPU-Z.

• ASRock: http://www.asrock.com/support/download.asp
• Asus: http://support.asus.com/download/options.aspx?SLanguage=en&type=1
• ECS: http://www.ecs.com.tw/ECSWebSite/Downloads/Downloads_list.aspx?MenuID=61&LanID=0
• Gigabyte: http://www.gigabyte.com/support-downloads/download-center.aspx?ck=2
• Intel: http://downloadcenter.intel.com/
• MSi: http://www.msi.com/service/download/
• Zotac: http://www.zotac.com/index.php?option=com_docman_2&view=docman&Itemid=218&lang=em

Graphics

When it comes to graphics cards the most important thing to have is the latest driver from AMD or Nvidia, which controls the actual graphics performance of the cards.

• AMD: http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/Pages/index.aspx
• Nvidia: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us

For features specific to your graphics card model—GPU monitors, overclocking utilities, and so on—check the website of your card's manufacturer.

• Asus: http://support.asus.com/download/options.aspx?SLanguage=en&type=1
• EVGA: http://www.evga.com/support/download/
• Gigabyte: http://www.gigabyte.com/support-downloads/download-center.aspx?ck=2
• HIS: http://www.hisdigital.com/un/download.shtml
• MSi: http://www.msi.com/service/download/
• Sapphire: http://www.sapphiretech.com/presentation/downloads/download_index.aspx
• XFX: http://xfxforce.com/en-us/help/support.aspx
• Zotac: http://www.zotac.com/index.php?option=com_docman_2&view=docman&Itemid=218&lang=em

Sound Cards

• Asus: http://support.asus.com/download/options.aspx?SLanguage=en&type=1
• Creative: http://support.creative.com/Products/Products.aspx?catid=1

Hard Drives

You won’t often need to manually install a drive for an internal hard drive or SSD, as they’re managed by the motherboard’s SATA controller. If you’re having issues with your drive, or are looking for an update for any pack-in utilities that came with it, you can find them here:

• Buffalo: http://www.buffalotech.com/support-and-downloads/downloads
• HGST: http://www.hgst.com/support/downloads/
• Lacie: http://www.lacie.com/support/drivers/
• Toshiba: http://storage.toshiba.com/storage-services-support
• Samsung: http://www.samsung.com/us/support/
• Seagate: http://www.seagate.com/support/downloads/
• WD: http://support.wdc.com/product/download.asp?lang=en

SSDs

• Crucial: http://www.crucial.com/support/
• Corsair: http://www.corsair.com/en/ssd.html
• Intel: http://downloadcenter.intel.com/
• Kingston: http://www.kingston.com/us/support
• OCZ: http://www.ocztechnology.com/drivers/
• Samsung: http://www.samsung.com/us/support/
• SanDisk: http://kb.sandisk.com/

Optical drives

Like hard drives, optical drives generally won’t need a driver update except for bundled applications and utilities.

• ASUS: http://support.asus.com/download/options.aspx?SLanguage=en&type=1
• LG: http://www.lg.com/us/support
• LiteOn: http://us.liteonit.com/us/service-support/download
• MSi: http://www.msi.com/service/download/
• Samsung: http://www.samsung.com/us/support/
• Sony: http://sony.storagesupport.com/models/21

Network Cards

Note that networking is usually handled by the motherboard network interface controller (or NIC), and in those cases the driver will be found on the motherboard manufacturer’s site. If you’ve installed a networking add-on card, however, you’ll find the drivers here.

• Realtek: http://www.realtek.com.tw/downloads/
• Trendnet Drivers: http://www.trendnet.com/downloads/
• Linksys: http://homesupport.cisco.com/en-us/support
• Netgear: http://support.netgear.com/for_home/default.aspx
• Intel: http://downloadcenter.intel.com/

Peripherals (Keyboard, Mice, Headsets)

• Cooler Master: http://www.cmstorm.com/en/support/downloads/
• Corsair: http://www.corsair.com/en/vengeance-gaming.html
• Creative: http://support.creative.com/Products/Products.aspx?catid=437
• Cyborg: http://www.cyborggaming.com/download.htm
• Gigabyte: http://www.gigabyte.com/support-downloads/support-downloads.aspx
• HP: http://www8.hp.com/us/en/support-drivers.html
• Logitech: http://www.logitech.com/support
• Plantronics: http://www.plantronics.com/us/support/software-downloads/
• Roccat: http://www.roccat.org/Support/
• Razer: http://www.razersupport.com/index.php?_m=downloads&_a=view
• SteelSeries: http://steelseries.com/support/downloads
• TTEsports (ThermalTake): http://usa.ttesports.com/download_FAQ.aspx
• Turtle Beach: http://www.turtlebeach.com/support/index.php?View=files&CategoryID=391

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